Acute Pain Nursing Care Plan for Peritonitis

Nursing Diagnosis for Peritonitis : Acute Pain related to inflammatory processes, fever and tissue damage.

Acute Pain NANDA Definition : Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience arising from actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage (International Association for the Study of Pain); sudden or slow onset of any intensity from mild to severe with an anticipated or predictable end and a duration of less than 6 months

Characteristics :

• Patient reports pain
• Guarding behavior, protecting body part
• Self-focused
• Narrowed focus (e.g., altered time perception, withdrawal from social or physical contact)
• Relief or distraction behavior (e.g., moaning, crying, pacing, seeking out other people or activities, restlessness)
• Facial mask of pain
• Alteration in muscle tone: listlessness or flaccidness; rigidity or tension
• Autonomic responses (e.g., diaphoresis; change in blood pressure [BP], pulse rate; pupillary dilation; change in respiratory rate; pallor; nausea)

Goal :
Pain is reduced / no pain

Expected outcomes:

• Report: no pain / controlled
• Demonstrate use of relaxation skills.
• Another method to improve comfort

Nursing Interventions Acute Pain Nursing Care Plan for Peritonitis

Independent:

1. Investigate reports of pain, noting location, duration, intensity (scale 0-10) and characteristics (shallow, sharp, constant)
Rationale: The change in location / intensity not common but may indicate the occurrence of complications. Pain tends to be constant, more intense, and spread upward, pain can occur if local abscess.

2. Maintain semi-Fowler's position as indicated
Rationale: Facilitate drainage of fluids / injury, because of gravity and helps minimize the pain due to movement.

3. Provide comfort measures, sample the back massage, deep breathing, relaxation or visualization exercises.
Rationale: Increase relaxation and may enhance the patient's coping abilities by refocusing attention.

4. Provide oral care. Eliminate unpleasant environmental stimuli.
Rational: Lowering nausea / vomiting that can increase the pressure or pain intrabdomen.


Collaboration:

Give medications as indicated:

• Analgesic
• Antiemetics
• Antipyretic

Rational: Lowering the metabolic rate and irritable bowel because of toxin circulating / local, which helps relieve pain and improve healing.

Reduces nausea / vomiting, which can increase abdominal pain

Lowering of discomfort related to fever or chills.

Ineffective Breathing Pattern Nursing Care Plan for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Ineffective Breathing Pattern

NANDA Definition: The exchange of air inspiration and / or expiration inadequate.

Characteristics:

• Decrease pressure inspiration / expiration
• Decrease in air changes per minute
• Using additional respiratory muscle
• Nasal flaring
• Dyspnea
• Orthopnea
• Changes in chest deviation
• Shortness of breath
• Assumption of 3-point position
• Breathing pursed-lip
• Phase lasts very long expiratory
• Increased anterior-posterior diameter
• Respiratory average / minimum
  
  • Infants: less than 25 or more than 60
  • Age 1-4: less than 20 or more than 30
  • Age 5-14: less than 14 or more than 25
  • Age over 14: less than 11 or more than 24
• Depth of respiration
  • Adult tidal volume of 500 ml at rest
  • Infant tidal volume of 6-8 ml / kg
• Timing ratio
  
• Decrease in vital capacity

Heart Failure





Congestive heart failure is a pathophysiological state of abnormalities in cardiac function so that the heart is not able to pump blood to meet the metabolic needs of tissues and or ability to exist if accompanied by an abnormal elevation of diastolic volumes.

Predisposing factor is a disease that causes decreased ventricular function and the circumstances that limit ventricular filling. Precipitating factors including an increased intake of salt, anti-disobedient treatment of heart failure, AMI (possibly hidden), an attack of hypertension, acute arrhythmia, infection or fever, pulmonary embolism, anemia, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy and infective endocarditis.


Nursing Diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Goal: The pattern of breathing effectively, after the act of diving in hospital nursing, respiration normal, no additional breath sounds and the use of auxiliary respiratory muscles. And normal blood gas analysis.

Expected Outcomes:

• Regular breathing pattern
• Respiration returned to normal 16-24 times / minute

Nursing Interventions  Ineffective Breathing Pattern for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
 
1. Monitor respiratory depth, frequency, and chest expansion.
Rationale: Knowing the level of excess oxygen demand

2. Note the respiratory efforts include the use of auxiliary breathing muscles.
Rationale: Indicates oxygen therapy

3. Auscultation of breath sounds and note if there are additional breath sounds.
Rational: To declare the existence of pulmonary congestion or accumulation of secretions. Indicate the need for further intervention.

4. Elevate the head (position semifowler) and help to achieve a comfortable position. Collaboration of Oxygen and BGA inspection.
Rational: Meningggikan head and semi-Fowler position to reduce the burden and meringakan effort to breathe.

Decreased Cardiac Output - Nursing Care Plan for Angina Pectoris

Decreased Cardiac Output

NANDA Definition :

Inadequate blood pumped by the heart to meet metabolic demands of the body

Related Factors:

Myocardial infarction or ischemia, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, serious dysrhythmia, ventricular damage, altered preload or afterload, pericarditis, sepsis, congenital heart defects , vagal stimulation, stress, anaphylaxis, cardiac tamponade

Angina Pectoris



Angina pectoris is the result of myocardial ischemia caused by an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and oxygen demand. Angina is a common presenting symptom (typically, chest pain) among patients with coronary artery disease. A comprehensive approach to diagnosis and to medical management of angina pectoris is an integral part of the daily responsibilities of health care professionals.

NOC Outcomes (Nursing Outcomes Classification)
Suggested NOC Labels

Cardiac Pump Effectiveness
Circulatory Status
Tissue Perfusion: Abdominal Organs
Tissue Perfusion: Peripheral
Vital Signs Status


NIC Interventions (Nursing Interventions Classification)
Suggested NIC Labels

Cardiac Care: Acute
Circulatory Care

Client Outcomes

Demonstrates adequate cardiac output as evidenced by blood pressure and pulse rate and rhythm within normal parameters for client; strong peripheral pulses; and an ability to tolerate activity without symptoms of dyspnea, syncope, or chest pain
Remains free of side effects from the medications used to achieve adequate cardiac output
Explains actions and precautions to take for cardiac disease.

Nursing Intervention for Angina Pectoris

1. Monitor vital signs, eg heart rate, blood pressure.
   Rationale: Tachycardia can occur because of pain, anxiety, hypoxemia, and decreased cardiac output. Changes also occur in blood pressure (hypertension or hypotension) due to cardiovascular response.
2. Record the color and the presence / quality of the pulse.
   Rationale: decreased peripheral circulation when cardiac output falls, making skin color pale or gray (depending on the level of hypoxia) and decreased strength of peripheral pulses.
3. Maintain bed rest in a comfortable position during the acute episode.
   Rationale: Lowering the oxygen consumption / demand, lowering employment and risk of myocardial decompensation.
4. Provide supplemental oxygen as needed
   Rationale: Increase the supply of oxygen to the need to improve myocardial contractility, decrease ischemia, and lactic acid levels.

Nursing Care Plan: Assessment and Interventions for Self-Injury - Tentamen Suicide

CONCEPT OF SUICIDE

Definition of a conscious and purposeful effort to end the lives of individuals is consciously desire and attempt to carry out his desire to die. Suicidal behavior include cues, trial or verbal threats, which will result in death, injury or self-injury.

Suicide as the world's problems
The males are three times more likely to commit suicide than women, because men are more likely to use more effective tools for suicide, among others with a gun, hanging, or jumping from high buildings, while women more often use substances psychoactive drug overdose or poison, but now they are more likely to use a gun. In addition, women more often choose to save himself or others rescued.

Factors that contribute to children and adolescents

Family and immediate environment became a major pillar in charge of suicide attempts in children and adolescents, this statement is supported by Vygotsky's theory that the child's immediate environment contribute in shaping the character of the child's personality, according to Stuart Sundeen personality type most often commit suicide is an aggressive type , hostility, hopelessness, low self-esteem and antisocial personality. Children will be larger when made ​​a suicide attempt came from families who apply authoritarian parenting or family who had committed suicide, emotional disturbances and their families with alcoholism.

Other psychosocial factors such as parental history of divorce, broken relationships, lost jobs or multiple stress such as moving, loss and chronic disease is accumulating a collection of stressors in the form of a less constructive coping, children will easily take a shortcut because there is no longer the place that gave him a sense of safe, according to Kaplan mental disorders and suicide in children and adolescents will emerge when environmental stressors cause increased anxiety.



Nursing Care Plan for Self-Injury - Tentamen Suicide
Nursing Assessment for Patients with Self-Injury:

Environment and suicide attempts
Nurses need to examine the events that insulting or hurtful, preparation effort, verbal expressions, records, paintings, providing valuable objects, drugs, the use of violence, poison.

Symptom
The nurse noted the despair, self-reproach, feelings of failure and worthlessness, the natural feelings of depression, agitation, anxiety, insomnia persists, bewrat loss, slow speech, fatigue, withdrawal.

Psychiatric illness
Previous suicide attempts, affective disorders, addictive substances, teenage depression, elderly mental disorders.

Psychosocial history
Divorce, broken relationships, lost jobs, multiple stress (moving, loss, broken relationships, school problems, discipline crisis, chronic disease.

Personalities Factor
Impulsive, aggressive, hostile, negative cognition and kakuk, despair, low self jharga, antisocial

Family history
History of suicide, affective disorder, alcoholism

Nursing Diagnosis for Self-Injury - Tentamen Suicide

Risk for self mutilation / self-violence related to fear of rejection, the natural feeling depressed, angry reaction, the inability to express feelings verbally, the threat of self-esteem because of embarrassment, loss of jobs and so on.

Nursing Interventions for Self-Injury - Tentamen Suicide

• Observation of client behavior more frequently through the activity, and regular interaction, avoid the impression of surveillance and suspicion on the client.
• Establish verbal contact with the client that he would ask for help if you feel the desire to commit suicide (discuss feelings of wanting to kill herself with people you trust)
• If self-mutilation occurs, wound care not to disturb the client with the cause, do not give positive reinforcement for these behaviors (lack of attention to maladaptive behavior can reduce repetition mutilation).
• Encourage clients to talk about the feelings he had before this behavior to occur (in order to understand the problem)
• Acting as a model in which the right to express anger (suicidal behavior is seen as anger directed at ourselves)
• Remove all dangerous objects from the environment the client (the client security is a priority treatment)
• Navigate back with the distribution of physical mutilation behavior (physical exercise is a safe way to channel the pent-up tension)
• Commitment of all staff to give spirit to the client
• Give medication according to the result of collaboration, monitor effectiveness, and side effects
• Use of mechanical restrain when circumstances force according to the procedure remains
• Observation restrain clients in every 15 minutes / according to the procedure fixed by considering the safety, blood circulation, basic needs (safety of clients is a priority nursing)

Treatment and Prevention of Hepatitis B

 

Hepatitis B
  
Key facts

• Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease.
• The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person - not through casual contact.
• About 2 billion people worldwide have been infected with the virus and about 350 million live with chronic infection. An estimated 600 000 persons die each year due to the acute or chronic consequences of hepatitis B.
• About 25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood later die from liver cancer or cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) caused by the chronic infection.
• The hepatitis B virus is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV.
• Hepatitis B virus is an important occupational hazard for health workers.
• Hepatitis B is preventable with a safe and effective vaccine.

Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. It is a major global health problem and the most serious type of viral hepatitis. It can cause chronic liver disease and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer.
Worldwide, an estimated two billion people have been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and more than 350 million have chronic (long-term) liver infections.
A vaccine against hepatitis B has been available since 1982. Hepatitis B vaccine is 95% effective in preventing HBV infection and its chronic consequences, and is the first vaccine against a major human cancer.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for acute hepatitis B. Care is aimed at maintaining comfort and adequate nutritional balance, including replacement of fluids that are lost from vomiting and diarrhoea.
Chronic hepatitis B can be treated with drugs, including interferon and anti-viral agents, which can help some patients. Treatment can cost thousands of dollars per year and is not available to most patients in developing countries.
Liver cancer is almost always fatal, and often develops in people at an age when they are most productive and have family responsibilities. In developing countries, most people with liver cancer die within months of diagnosis. In higher income countries, surgery and chemotherapy can prolong life for up to a few years in some patients.
Patients with cirrhosis are sometimes given liver transplants, with varying success.

Prevention

All infants should receive the hepatitis B vaccine: this is the mainstay of hepatitis B prevention.
The vaccine can be given as either three or four separate doses, as part of existing routine immunization schedules. In areas where mother-to-infant spread of HBV is common, the first dose of vaccine should be given as soon as possible after birth (i.e. within 24 hours).
The complete vaccine series induces protective antibody levels in more than 95% of infants, children and young adults. After age 40, protection following the primary vaccination series drops below 90%. At 60 years old, protective antibody levels are achieved in only 65 to 75% of those vaccinated. Protection lasts at least 20 years and should be lifelong.
All children and adolescents younger than 18 years old and not previously vaccinated should receive the vaccine. People in high risk groups should also be vaccinated, including:

• persons with high-risk sexual behaviour;
• partners and household contacts of HBV infected persons;
• injecting drug users;
• persons who frequently require blood or blood products;
• recipients of solid organ transplantation;
• those at occupational risk of HBV infection, including health care workers; and
• international travellers to countries with high rates of HBV.

The vaccine has an outstanding record of safety and effectiveness. Since 1982, over one billion doses of hepatitis B vaccine have been used worldwide. In many countries where 8% to 15% of children used to become chronically infected with HBV, vaccination has reduced the rate of chronic infection to less than 1% among immunized children.
As of December 2006, 164 countries vaccinate infants against hepatitis B during national immunization programmes - a major increase compared with 31 countries in 1992, the year that the World Health Assembly passed a resolution to recommend global vaccination against hepatitis B.

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/

Nursing Care Plan Disturbed Sleep Pattern

Sleep Disorder

A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal. Some sleep disorders are serious enough to interfere with normal physical, mental and emotional functioning. A test commonly ordered for some sleep disorders is the polysomnography.

Disruptions in sleep can be caused by a variety of issues, from teeth grinding (bruxism) to night terrors. When a person suffers from difficulty in sleeping with no obvious cause, it is referred to as insomnia.[1] In addition, sleep disorders may also cause sufferers to sleep excessively, a condition known as hypersomnia. Management of sleep disturbances that are secondary to mental, medical, or substance abuse disorders should focus on the underlying conditions.wikipedia.org

Nursing Care Plan Disturbed Sleep Pattern

 Disturbed Sleep Pattern

Related factors:

Pathophysiology
Associated frequent awakening:
(Damage to transport oxygen)
Angina
Arteriosclerosis
Respiratory disorders
Impaired circulation
(Damage to bowel and urinary elimination)
Diarrhea
Constipation
Retention of Urine
Dysuria
Frequency
(Damage metabolism)
Hyperthyroidism
Gastric ulcer
Hepatic disorders
Action
Difficulties associated with undergoing the usual position
Splints, traction
Painful
IV Therapy
Associated with excessive daytime sleep:
(Drugs)
Tranquilizers
Sedatives
Hypnotic
Antidepressants
Antihypertensive
Amphetamines
Corticosteroids
Soporifik
Barbiturates
Situational (Personal, Environment)
Associated with excessive hyperactivity
Anxiety panic
Associated with excessive daytime sleep
Associated with ketidakadekuatan activity during the day.
Dealing with depression
Responses associated with anxiety
Associated with discomfort
Lifestyle-related disorders
Emotional
Social
Associated with changes in circadian rhythms
Dealing with fear
Maturisional
(Children)
Dealing with fear of the dark
(Adult Women)
Associated with hormonal changes (eg, premenopausal)

Major Data :

Difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep

Minor Data :

Fatigue when awake or during the day
Or nap during the day
Agitation
Changes in mood

Results Criteria

Individuals will:
1. Describe the factors that prevent or inhibit sleep.
2. Identify techniques to induce sleep.
3. reported an optimum balance of rest and activity.

Intervention:

1. Reduce noise.
2. Organization procedure to provide the smallest amount of disturbance during sleep periods (eg, when individuals get up to the treatment also provide handling and measurement of vital signs)
3. If urination during the night interrupt, limit your fluid intake at night and urinate before lying down.
4. Assign an individual with a schedule for program activities over time (path, physical therapy)
5. Limit the number and length of time if excessive sleep (eg, more than 1 hour)
6. Assess with individuals, families, or parents of bedtime routine - time hygiene practices, rituals (reading, toys) - and stick as close as possible whenever possible.
7. Limit drinks that contain caffeine input
8. For the children:
a. Explain to children the night (moon, stars)
b. Discuss how some people (nurses, factory workers) to work at night.
c. Compare the opposite that when night came in their place, it will happen during the day for people in other places.
d. If there is a nightmare, encourage the children to talk about it if possible. Reassure the child that this is a dream even though it seems very real. Sharing feelings with your child that you also never dreamed.
e. Give your child the night lights and / or flashlight to be used, so that children can control the darkness.
f. Reassure your child that you will be nearby sepenjang night.
9. Explain to individuals and other people closest to cause disturbance to sleep / rest and possible ways to avoid it.

Nursing Care Plan for Hyperthermia

Ineffective Breathing Pattern Care Plan

Neonatal Jaundice Discharge Planning Applications

Neonatal Jaundice Discharge Planning Applications

Growth and development and the changing needs of infants with hyper-bilirubin (such as stimulation, exercise, and social contacts) has always been the responsibility of parents in fulfilling it by following the rules and the description given during hospitalization and follow-up care at home.

Factors that must be delivered to the mother can do the best in baby care hyper-bilirubinemia (warley & Wong, 1994):
1. Instruct the mother revealed / reported when the infant suffered disturbances of consciousness such as seizures, anxiety, apathy, appetite decreased breastfeeding.

2. Encourage mothers to pump milk using a tool for a few days to maintain a smooth milk.

3. Provide an explanation of procedures to lower the replacement fototherapi baby's bilirubin levels.

4. Advised the mother to consider dismissal of the ASI in terms of preventing an increase in bilirubin.

5. Taught about skin care:

• Bathing with mild soap and warm water.
• Prepare the tools to clean the eyes, mouth, perineal area and the area around the damaged skin.
• Use a moisturizer after cleansing skin to retain moisture.
• Avoid using baby clothes on the skin adhesive.
• Avoid the use of talc in the groin and body because it can lead to blisters due to friction
• Looking at risk factors that can cause skin damage such as pressing a long, scratching.
• Exempt from the skin like a wet loom: a wet diaper for the chapter and tub.
• Conduct a rigorous assessment of the nutritional status of infants such as: skin turgor, capilari reffil.

Another thing to note is:
1. How to bathe a baby with warm water (37 -38  C)
2. Umbilical cord care / umbilicus
3. Changing diapers and baby clothes
4. Crying is a communication if the baby is uncomfortable, bored, in contact with something new
5. Temperature
6. Respiratory
7. How to breastfeed
8. Elimination
9. Circumcision care
10. Immunization
11. The signs and symptoms of disease, for example:

• lethargy (difficult infant awakened)
• fever (temperature over 37 celsius)
• vomiting (most or all of the food as much as 2 x)
• diarrhea (more than 3 x)
• no appetite.

12. Security

• Prevent baby from trauma such as falling sharp objects (knives, scissors) are easily accessible by the infant / toddler.
• Prevent hot objects, electricity, and other
• Maintain the security of the baby during the journey by car or other means.
• Strict supervision of the infant by his brothers.

Nursing Care Plan for Pain

Pain is the most common reason a person seeking medical assistance. Pain occurs with the disease process, diagnostic examination and treatment process. Pain is very disturbing and difficult for many people. The nurse could not see and feel the pain experienced by the client, because pain is subjective (between one individual to another individual is different in addressing the pain). Nurses provide nursing care to clients in various situations and circumstances, which provide interventions to improve comfort. According to some theories of nursing, comfort is the basic requirement that the client is the goal of providing nursing care. The statement was supported by Kolcaba who said that comfort is a state has fulfilled basic human needs.

DEFINITION
According to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), pain is a subjective sensory and emotional unpleasant obtained related to actual or potential tissue damage, or described the condition of the damage.

Specificity theory "suggest" states that pain is a sensory-specific that arise because of the injury and the information is obtained through peripheral and central nervous system through the pain receptors in the peripheral nerves and specific pain in the spinal cord.
In general, nursing defines pain as anything that hurts the body of individuals who experience it who said, whenever there is an individual who said it.

QUALITIES OF PAIN
Pain is tiring and requires a lot of energy
Pain is subjective and individualized
Pain can not be objectively assessed as X-rays or lab blood
Nurses can assess patients' pain just by looking at behavioral and physiological changes of client statements
Only the client knows when the pain arises and what it's like
Pain is a physiological defense mechanism
Pain is a warning sign of tissue damage
Pain started the inability
The false perception that pain causes pain management so it is not optimal

In summary, pain Mahon suggested the following attributes:
Pain relief is an individual
Pain is not fun
Is a strength that dominate
Are endless

Nursing Care Plan for Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia

Definition:

Circumstances where an individual experiencing or at risk of increased body temperature continuously above 37.8 by 38.8 º C orally or rectally as an increased susceptibility to external factors.

Related factors:

Action
Associated with decreased ability to sweat:
(Special Treatment)

Situational
Related to exposure to heat (sun)
Related to clothing that does not fit with the climate
Related to a decrease in circulation:
Extreme weight
Dehydration
Insufficiency associated with hydration for strenuous activities
Maturisional
Related to temperature regulation ineffective:
Newborns
Premature Babies


Evidenced by

Temperature over 37.8° C (100° F) orally, or 38.8° C (101° F) rectally
Flushed skin
Malaise/weakness
Warm to touch
Increased respiratory rate
Tachycardia
Shivering/goose pimples
Dehydration
Loss of appetite

Expected outcomes:

Individuals will:
1. Identifying risk factors to hyperthermia.
2. Connecting method of prevention of hyperthermia.
3. Maintaining body temperature within normal limits.

Nursing Care Plan for Hyperthermia - Interventions :

1. Teach clients the importance of maintaining adequate fluid intake (at least 2000 ml / day unless there are contraindications to heart or kidney disease) to prevent dehydration
2. Monitor input and output.
3. Assess whether clothing or bedcovers too warm for the environment or the planned activities.
4. Teach the importance of increased fluid intake during hot weather and exercise
5. Explain why children and the elderly more at risk of hyperthermia.
6. Explain the need to avoid alcohol, caffeine, and eat a lot of weight and food during hot weather.
7. Explain the importance of wearing baggy clothes, thin and absorbs perspiration
8. Teach early signs of hyperthermia or heat stroke: Skin redness, fatigue, headache, loss of appetite.

Nursing Care Plan for Pain

Neonatal Jaundice Discharge Planning Applications

Ineffective Breathing Pattern Care Plan

Ineffective Breathing Pattern as inspiration and/or expiration that does not provide adequate ventilation.

Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to :

• Pain
• Aspiration
• Immobility
• Decreased energy and fatigue
• Neuromuscular impairment (e.g., Multiple Sclerosis, Guillain-Barre)
• Anesthesia
• History of smoking
• Medications (narcotics, sedatives, analgesics)
• Tracheobronchial Obstruction
• COPD
• Allergic response
• Decreased lung compliance
• Surgery of trauma

Evidenced by :

• Dyspnea
• Tachypnea
• Respiratory depth changes
• Use of accessory muscles
• Bradypnea
• Cyanosis
• Hyperpnea
• Nasal flaring
• Increased anteroposterior chest diameter
• Pursed-lip breathing or prolonged expiratory phase
• Orthopnea
• Cough
• Grunting
• Altered chest excursion
• Abnormal arterial blood gas (ABG)
• Irregular or paradoxical breathing

Objectives:

• Effective breathing pattern

Expected Results:

• There was no increased work of breathing
• There is no use of accessory muscles / retractions and asymmetrical chest expansion
• There was no dyspnea and cyanosis
• Blood Gas Analysis within normal limits
• Vital signs within normal limits
• No additional breath sounds

Nursing Interventions - Ineffective Breathing Pattern Care Plan :

• Review the causes of respiratory failure
• Observations of breathing patterns
• Auscultation of lung sounds periodically, note the quality of breath sounds, wheezing, expiratory lengthening and observation symmetry chest movement
• Determine the location and extent of crackles in the sternum
• Ensure breathing in harmony and there is no resistance (Fighting)
• Have resuscitation equipment close to the client, perform manual ventilation if necessary

Health Education:

• Teach the client and family relaxation techniques to increase effective breathing pattern
• Teach how to cough effectively
• Talk about home-care plan

Collaboration:

• Ventilator settings and adjust the ventilator pattern with the client's condition
• Observation konsintrasi oxygen (Fi O2) is given
• Encourage deep breath through the abdomen during the period of respiratory distress
• Record the pressure and the airway pressure waveform monitor
• Ensure moisture and air temperature of inspiration and periodically checks
• Set and check the ventilator alarm

Holistic Health Tips

Facts about menopause
Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Hypertension
Asthma
Diabetes : A Holistic Approach
Obesity
Nutrition For Healthy Skin
The Detox Diet

Holistic Health Tips

DAY 1
Well begun is half done. Eat a healthy, balanced diet. Cut out all starchy foods like white bread, pasta, potatoes to reduce calorie intake. Look out for a tip on fruits tomorrow.

DAY 2
Today is Day 2 of your program. Avoid fruits like bananas, chickoos, grapes & mangoes. Have the whole fruit instead of the juice. Tip on healthy snacking tomorrow.

DAY 3
Snack on salad vegetables with dips, home-roasted kurmuras, bhel, non-buttered popcorn, dry fruits, sprouts. Get fit while you work. More tomorrow.

DAY 4
Incorporate exercise within your work-schedule. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. Park your car a short distance from the office & walk. Moderate changes tomorrow.

DAY 5
Don't revamp eating habits over-night. Begin to remedy excesses with moderate changes that can result in lifelong healthy eating habits. Look out for hot tips on cold beverages.

DAY 6
Have beverages like soya milk, vegetables or fruit juices, natural water, aloe vera juice. Cut down on tea, coffee & aerated waters. Swim & stay trim. More tomorrow.

DAY 7
Swimming is a complete work-out that burns calories without pounding your joints. Mickey Mehta can teach you to befriend water & swim in less than 24 hours. Vedic diets tomorrow.

DAY 8
Have vedic diets which are completely vegetarian with lots of fruits and vegetable juices, sprouts and hot water with ginger and honey. Tomorrow learn about importance of colour in food.

DAY 9
Red and orange foods stimulate the nervous system. Green foods balance the body's acid and alkaline levels. Purple foods are soothing. Holistic health in a nutshell tomorrow.

DAY 10
Continue eating natural, fresh, unprocessed foods & abstain from alcohol & nicotine. Take a brisk walk daily for 30 minutes. You will feel lighter on your feet & brighter in your head.

DAY 11
Hope you are progressing well. Have a lot of fruits. They are free from colours, preservatives and emulsifiers. Avoid bananas, grapes, chickoos & mangoes. Befriend water tomorrow.

DAY 12
Drink 2 litres of water daily. A glass of water can take the edge of hunger for 15-20 minutes. By drinking water instead of colas, coffee & shakes, you can dodge hundreds of calories.

DAY 13
Herbs like tulsi, wheat grass, aloe vera, ginseng bolster immunity and suppress infections. Garlic of a powerful natural antibiotic. Ginger has anti-infective abilities.

DAY 14
Have a fist of nuts instead of high calorie snacks. Nuts are high in unsaturated fat which is beneficial for blood cholesterol. They have adequate amounts of proteins and minerals.

DAY 15
Dinner should always be light and free of all carbohydrates. Finish dinner at least 3-4 hours before you sleep. Have soups and salads. The health benefits of vegan diets tomorrow.

DAY 16
Vegan diets eliminate meat, dairy products and eggs. Substitute soya milk for cow's milk. Kicking meat helps cut the risk of cancer, obesity, diabetes and heart disease.

DAY 17
Make very gradual changes in your diet. There are no 'superfoods' and don't expect to revamp your eating habits overnight. Begin to remedy excesses with moderate changes.

DAY 18
Instead of eating 3 meals a day, have 4-5 small meals. Eat every 3-4 hours to regularize blood sugar levels. Never skip meals especially breakfast. Don't eat while watching TV.

DAY 19
The glycemic index of foods influences blood sugar after a meal. Eat foods with low GI that is slow carbohydrates like wholemeal bread / pasta, boiled potatoes, unpolished rise.

DAY 20
Cut down on hidden salts. Avoid sauces, ketch-up, chips, papads, pickles, canned & tinned foods as these contain a lot of salt. The health benefits of soya tomorrow.

DAY 21
Soya contains phytoestrogens that help prevent breast and ovarian cancers. Soya milk is a good substitute for other high-protein drinks. Have tofu instead of paneer.

DAY 22
Bananas are good for hypertensives as they are high in potassium and low in sodium. They are rich in fibre and restore normal bowel movement. They provide instant energy.

DAY 23
Cut down on alcohol and aerated waters as they provide only empty calories. A better choice would be vegetable juices, coconut water, herbal teas and unsweetened fruit juices.

DAY 24
Physical activity helps to distress. People often over-eat to overcome feelings of boredom, depression, anxiety. Exercise releases endorphins or feel-good hormones.

DAY 25
Curb the use of oil in cooking. Use no more than 1 tables-spoon oil in the entire day. Switch over rice-brand oil. Cook in non-stick woks Grill, sauté & bake instead of deep-frying.

DAY 26
Cut down on non-vegetarian foods. They cause obesity, heart disease & colon cancers. Avoid red meats & organ meats. Cut out all the visible fat from the meat. Have egg whites & fish.

DAY 27
Small tips go a long way in reducing weight. Eat in small plates and eat slowly. Put your fork down after every bite. No second helpings. Stop eating before you are completely full.


DAY 28
Use garlic as it has immune enhancing compounds that inactivate carcinogens in the liver. It lowers the risk of stomach and colon cancers. Use it in salads, sauces, marinades.

DAY 29
Limit salt intake to less than 2,500 mg a day. Have rock salt instead of the regular salt. Throw the salt-shaker away to limit the salt intake. Use lime instead with your food.

DAY 30
Hope you had a healthy month. These changes in diet and lifestyle have to be incorporated on a life-long basis to show results & to reap benefits.

DAY 31
Fad diets come and go. Vedic 'satvic' diets are here to stay. Foods consumed in their unaltered state deliver energy to the body. Face the right direction & become thinner tomorrow.

DAY 32
Our bodies are influenced by the forces of the cosmos. To combat weight gain face East while exercising. This increases the metabolic rate. Rotate your neck and limbs clockwise.

DAY 33
Get active and start moving. Jogging, walking, yoga, pilates & aerobics releases endorphins and helps relieve stress. Splash your way to fitness tomorrow.

DAY 34
Aqua aerobics improves muscle tone. It is kind to the ligaments and facilitates strength to injured joints and muscles. Breathe well to improve mental health.

DAY 35
To improve mental clarity breathe consciously. If you are confused, take a few deep breaths. When faced with anxiety breathe deeply and confidence will be regained.

DAY 36
A well-balanced diet sufficient in calcium, proteins, vitamins and minerals mask signs of ageing. Consume fruits and vegetable juices. Benefits of vegan diets tomorrow.

DAY 37
Vegan diets which eliminate meat, eggs and dairy products reduce the risk of illness. They cut the risk of obesity, diabetes and cancer. Replace cow's milk by soya milk.

DAY 38
Choose foods that are alive like fresh fruits, veggies, sprouts, seeds, nuts, herbs and roots. These positively influence your body and mind, harnessing the thought processes.

DAY 39
Get rid of body heat by having lots of cucumber juice with mint or coriander leaves. Avoid spices and drink lots of coconut water. Tips on soothing frayed nerves tomorrow.

DAY 40
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables to soothe frayed nerves. For effective temper control breathe consciously. When you are about to get angry, take a few deep breathes.

DAY 41
Say 'no' to second helpings. Never take another helping of the same. Eat something else that is much healthier and lighter. The truth about fibre tomorrow.

DAY 42
Avoid too much fibre as that can cause bloating and flatulence. Have lot of water along with a high fibre diet as it helps in forming a bulk. Increase fibre intake gradually.

DAY 43
Stay away from any abuses to the body like smoking, drinking, drugs, non-vegetarian food and dairy products. Your body stays healthy if kept unabused. Generate energy tomorrow.

Day 44
Do generative things like working out, creating more cells, generating and liberating energy, aligning your chakras and your 3 selves - mind, body and soul.

DAY 45
The benefits of vegetarianism helps at mental and spiritual levels. It helps strengthen the body, mind and spirit. Turn vegetarian today. Look out for tips on yoga tomorrow.

DAY 46
Practice yoga regularly. It's a holistic practice that tones and invigorates the whole body. It helps create a balance of mind, body and spirit. Health benefits of soya tomorrow.

DAY 47
Consume for soya which is a good high protein substitute to meat. It contains phytoestrogens that help to prevent breast and ovarian cancers. Go natural tomorrow.

DAY 48
Eat foods that are simple, fresh and unprocessed. They are preservative free, free from mood-altering chemicals. This enhances mental, physical and spiritual health.

DAY 49
Replace garnishes like cheese and cream with lemon juice. Lemon juice with warm water first thing in the morning is a healthy way to start the day. Tips on staying active tomorrow.

DAY 50
Stay as active as possible. Incorporate as much physical activity as you possibly can. It helps beat stress, controls your appetite and keeps your weight in check.

DAY 51
Avoid refined sugar. Sugar-rich diets cause sagging of skin as sugar damages collagen. Have citrus fruits rich in vitamin C, a collagen booster. It keeps the skin looking young.

DAY 52
As a rule avoid foods that are white in colour. That includes sugar, rice, pasta, bread and maida. Switch to whole-wheat options like brown or red rice, whole-wheat pasta & bread.

DAY 53
Never starve in order to lose weight. Starvation results in the body storing more fat. Instead eat healthy and in moderation. The truth about anti-oxidants tomorrow.

DAY 54
Eat foods that are rich in anti-oxidants like spinach, tomatoes, papaya. They delay the signs of ageing and also protect your eyes. Some practical diet tips tomorrow.

DAY 55
Follow a few practical diet tips which go a long way in aiding weight loss. Put your fork down after every bite. Eat in small plates and do not eat in front of the television.

DAY 56
Pilates is a challenging mind-body experience. It helps tone muscles, improve posture, provides flexibility and harmonises the mind and body. Practice pilates regularly.

DAY 57
Drink 2-3 litres of clean and pure water which is enriched with natural minerals. This improves circulation and also purifies, cleanses and detoxifies the digestive system.

DAY 58
Completely avoid aerated waters and colas from your diet. They have only empty calories and do not provide any nutrients to the body. They also deplete the bones of calcium.

DAY 59
Start the day with suryanamaskar (sun salutation). 1 set of suryanamaskar provides a complete body stretch. If this set is done more than once it is a good cardio exercise.

DAY 60
Practice meditation regularly. It helps relieve stress, rejuvenates you and helps improve your focus. It helps soothe frayed nerves and helps create harmony.

Choosing the Best Louisville Elderly Homecare

Homecare services Choosing The Best Nursing Facility For You Loved One

FDA Blocks Sale of Supplements for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's

WASHINGTON -- The FDA filed a permanent injunction against two Minnesota companies that distributed amino acid products marketed as treatments for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and a number of other neurological disorders.

West Duluth Distribution subsidiaries CHK Nutrition and NeuroResearch Clinics were observed marketing amino acid products for the treatment of "neurotransmitter diseases" in July 2010 during an FDA inspection.

The products were also marketed as being useful in "amino-acid therapy" to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, fibromyalgia, and other conditions, according to a September 2010 review of the two companies' websites, the FDA said in a statement.

The FDA warned the two companies to stop making unapproved drug claims about the supplements, which the groups failed to do. A follow-up review of the companies' websites in February 2011 found persistent unverified medical claims about the offending products.

The injunction, filed on Sept. 13, prohibits the distribution of the amino acid products until the product claims are removed from the companies' websites and their removal is reviewed and cleared by an independent investigator. Should the subsidiaries fail to comply, the FDA can order the companies to stop all distribution of the advertised products.

"Until these companies meet FDA requirements, they will no longer be able to process or distribute their products," Dara Corrigan, the FDA's associate commissioner for regulatory affairs, said in the statement.

By Cole Petrochko, Associate Staff Writer, MedPage Today

Blocking Cholesterol Could Eliminate Deadly Brain Cancer Cells

Blocking cancer cells’ cholesterol supply could offer a new strategy to treat deadly glioblastoma. (Image: stuartbur/iStockphoto.com)

By discovering how a deadly form of brain cancer is supplied with cholesterol, researchers have uncovered a potential new strategy to treat glioblastoma.

Their study, published online today in the journal Cancer Discovery, is part of a growing cancer research effort aimed at starving cancer cells of blood and other life-sustaining components rather than killing them outright.

“Our data demonstrate that glioblastoma cells need large amounts of cholesterol to grow and to survive,” said lead investigator Paul Mischel, MD, of the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles.

“This is not surprising, considering the critical role of cholesterol in making new membranes, of which rapidly growing tumors need a lot,” he added.

Mischel and his colleagues studied glioblastoma cells in animals and in tissue taken from patients with cancer. They found that a mutation in the gene that encodes epidermal growth factor revs up a signaling pathway known as PI3K, which triggers increased production of low-density lipoprotein that feeds cancer cells. They were able to activate a transcription factor that pumped cholesterol out of the cancer cells and caused their death.

“Our findings suggest that the development of drugs to target this pathway may lead to significantly more effective treatments for patients with this lethal form of brain cancer,” Mischel noted.

Glioblastoma is among the most deadly of all cancers. Median survival from the time of diagnosis is 12 to 15 months, even with aggressive therapy. Some patients with glioblastoma respond well to initial treatment, but quickly become resistant to therapy.

“Because this pathway is activated in other types of cancer, this work may have significant implications for a broad range of cancer types,” Mischel said.

Homecare services Choosing The Best Nursing Facility For You Loved One

If you have loved ones that are ageing and you cannot look after them at home, then one of the alternatives is a nursing home. No one really loves the idea of placing their relatives in a nursing home, but there are some great ones that provide amazing care that is medically and personally of the utmost quality. Selecting the best nursing home for you loved one is easier if you know what to look out for.

One consideration to take into account is a location where you will be able to visit your loved one on a regular basis. This will provide peace of mind for you as well as being much better for your relative. There are also a variety of levels of care that are provided by nursing homes and knowing thoroughly the level of care that your relative needs will also help you to make a shortlist of possibilities.

The most important thing that you can do is some research into the facility that you ultimately choose. You should visit the homes and thoroughly investigate the facilities that are on offer in the home. Spend as much time as you can there and observe some of the residents of the home to see how spritely and well cared for they seem.

When you visit the nursing homes you should have a list of questions prepared to ask the staff at the center. As well as asking questions make sure that you watch how the staff interact with the residents and whether the staff seem relaxed or overworked.

A good nursing home will also have a number of activities that are planned throughout the week in order to keep the residents active, involved and alert. It is worth talking to the diversional therapist at the center in order to find out what activities and events are planned on a regular basis.

Selecting the best nursing home for you loved one is a difficult choice, but if you do some research, then you will be able to make an educated choice and find a home where you and your relative are both happy.

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home healthcare providers

There are numerous top quality facilities to choose from when you need care for a loved one. Selecting the best nursing homes becomes easier when you read more health care articles on the subject.
homecare services: caregiver agencies

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By eldercare933

Importance Of Choosing The Best Senior Care in Hiram Ga Provider

Many people play the role of caregiver to their senior parents according to recently conducted statistics. In a survey recently conducted, about 97% seniors above the age of 50 stated that in their old age, they would prefer to remain at home, rather than being moved into institutional care. Even though senior care centers have improved in the last few years, senior parents prefer to remain in their familiar surroundings. Self caregivers find it difficult to provide care continuously and taking care of two households can become demanding. This is why many people turn towards outside help such as in home care in West Ga.

Advantages Of In Home Care In Dallas Ga

Many self caregivers are turning for help to in home care in Dallas Ga. Self care giving is not an easy job and senior care in West Ga relieves the family and allows them to spend good quality time with their senior parents. Seniors can remain in their comfortable environment and not have to shift to an unknown area. they continue to live the same life and be surrounded by friends and family. Senior care in Hiram Ga provide several personnel services to senior citizen such as:
1.Assistance in the bathroom
2.Help with personal hygiene, including bathing and dressing
3.Observing and recording vital signs
4.Preparation of meals
5.Observation of health
6.Medication reminders
7.Laundry
8.Transport
9.Pharmacy errands and grocery shopping
10.Companionship

Introducing Senior Care In West Ga To Senior Parents

Exercise sensitivity when deciding to introduce an outsider to your senior parents. Make certain that they do not feel like you are shoving your responsibilities on an outsider or that you don’t care. Take slow steps towards homecare transition. Senior parents prefer to have their families close by and on hand rather than a complete stranger. As time goes by, seniors will become familiar to the routine of homecare and will even enjoy the person’s companionship. The homecare worker can provide many things to the senior parent, that sometimes families are unable to do. It is stated that aging parents enter their second childhood, probably as a result of basic physical health care. You can minimize this from happening by introducing senior care in Hiram Ga into your senior parents home.

Establishing Emotional Stability In Getting Senior Care In Dallas Ga

Meet your homecare worker along with your senior parent in order to establish a first good impression. Show your homecare worker where the medicinal supplies and other supplies are stored in at the house. Answer any question the homecare provides asks of you. keep in mind, that you are handing over your parent’s life into this stranger’s hands. It is vital that you begin on a good footing and create a comfortable feeling for the homecare provider.

Agree on a list of services the in home care in Hiram Ga worker will provide. If you want to add extra services, remember that these will have to be paid for. Give your contact details to the homecare worker so that you are contactable at any time, in case of an emergency. Make certain that your homecare provider fully comprehends what exactly you expect of them.

From:  aliveandwellingeorgia.blogspot.com

Choosing the Best Louisville Elderly Homecare

As people grow old, they become weaker and their health deteriorates significantly. They lose the ability to handle the daily chores around the home and sometimes they are unable to take care of themselves at all.

As people grow old, they become weaker and their health deteriorates significantly. They lose the ability to handle the daily chores around the home and sometimes they are unable to take care of themselves at all. When they reach this stage they should not be left on their own. They need specialized care which most of the times cannot be provided by the members of the family. It is difficult to break the news to a parent or grandparent that they need elderly homecare, but one should not hesitate to take advantage of Louisville elderly homecare providers for professional help.

One needs to take time and look around carefully when planning to hire Louisville elderly homecare providers for our beloved old members. The homecare givers in question should be able to provide homecare services that are tailor-made to meet the specific needs of any particular elderly person. Their personal caregivers should be available several hours a day or round the clock depending on the clients requirements. It is also advisable that the Louisville elderly homecare providers have amongst their ranks certified nursing assistants and home health aides who can be called to the home or assisted living facility to care for the elderly.

Any professional outfit dealing with Louisville elderly homecare must ensure that all their caregivers are thoroughly screened and vetted. This includes confirmation of all academic and professional credentials and a thorough criminal background check. One must be careful with these caregivers as some may be criminals who are out to take advantage of the vulnerability and helplessness of the elderly. Elderly healthcare is best handled by professionals which is why it is important to have qualified people. In addition, they should display patience, kindness and compassion when dealing with the elderly. There are several Louisville elderly homecare providers who meet these qualifications.

A good Louisville elderly homecare outfit should ensure that all its caregivers are bonded and insured to protect against cases of theft or any arising lawsuits. The company should also ensure that it holds regular in-house training to ensure its caregivers are up to date with the current skills and industry guidelines. Caregivers need care too, and it is up to the company to handle this aspect if its employees are to remain productive. The caregivers sometimes handle sick people so they get exposed. The whole elderly homecare business is very stressful so the mental health of caregivers should also be taken care of.

Louisville elderly homecare providers will help in many different ways that will prove to be very convenient for those who hire their services. They can be called to keep the elderly company when the other members of the family have gone to work or school. They can monitor the elderly to make sure they regularly take their medication since elderly people tend to be very forgetful. Louisville homecare givers are available round the clock and can also help with running errands and doing housework for elderly people who are unable to do so.

Resources:

Lou Hatten is the author of this article on Louisville Elderly Home Care.
Find more information on Louisville Live-In Care here.

From:  articlexplosion.net